Whether invertebrates exhibit positive emotion–like states and what mechanisms underlie such states remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that bumblebees exhibit dopamine-dependent positive emotion–like states across behavioral contexts. After training with one rewarding and one unrewarding cue, bees that received pretest sucrose responded in a positive manner toward ambiguous cues. In a second experiment, pretest consumption of sucrose solution resulted in a shorter time to reinitiate foraging after a simulated predator attack. These behavioral changes were abolished with topical application of the dopamine antagonist fluphenazine. Further experiments established that pretest sucrose does not simply cause bees to become more exploratory. Our findings present a new opportunity for understanding the fundamental neural elements of emotions and may alter the view of how emotion states affect decision-making in animals.
Authors: Clint J. Perry, Luigi Baciadonna, Lars Chittka
The Anthropocene is witnessing a loss of biodiversity, with well-documented declines in the diversity of ecosystems and species. For intraspecific genetic diversity, however, we lack even basic knowledge on its global distribution. We georeferenced 92,801 mitochondrial sequences for >4500 species of terrestrial mammals and amphibians, and found that genetic diversity is 27% higher in the tropics than in nontropical regions. Overall, habitats that are more affected by humans hold less genetic diversity than wilder regions, although results for mammals are sensitive to choice of genetic locus. Our study associates geographic coordinates with publicly available genetic sequences at a massive scale, yielding an opportunity to investigate both the drivers of this component of biodiversity and the genetic consequences of the anthropogenic modification of nature.
Authors: Andreia Miraldo, Sen Li, Michael K. Borregaard, Alexander Flórez-Rodríguez, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Mirnesa Rizvanovic, Zhiheng Wang, Carsten Rahbek, Katharine A. Marske, David Nogués-Bravo
The medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, has been implicated in social memory. However, it remains unknown which parts of these brain regions and their circuits hold social memory. Here, we show that ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) neurons of a mouse and their projections to nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell play a necessary and sufficient role in social memory. Both the proportion of activated vCA1 cells and the strength and stability of the responding cells are greater in response to a familiar mouse than to a previously unencountered mouse. Optogenetic reactivation of vCA1 neurons that respond to the familiar mouse enabled memory retrieval and the association of these neurons with unconditioned stimuli. Thus, vCA1 neurons and their NAc shell projections are a component of the storage site of social memory.
Authors: Teruhiro Okuyama, Takashi Kitamura, Dheeraj S. Roy, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Susumu Tonegawa
Hepatotropic viruses are important causes of human disease, but the intrahepatic immune response to hepatitis viruses is poorly understood because of a lack of tractable small- animal models. We describe a murine model of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection that recapitulates critical features of type A hepatitis in humans. We demonstrate that the capacity of HAV to evade MAVS-mediated type I interferon responses defines its host species range. HAV-induced liver injury was associated with interferon-independent intrinsic hepatocellular apoptosis and hepatic inflammation that unexpectedly resulted from MAVS and IRF3/7 signaling. This murine model thus reveals a previously undefined link between innate immune responses to virus infection and acute liver injury, providing a new paradigm for viral pathogenesis in the liver.
Authors: Asuka Hirai-Yuki, Lucinda Hensley, David R. McGivern, Olga González-López, Anshuman Das, Hui Feng, Lu Sun, Justin E. Wilson, Fengyu Hu, Zongdi Feng, William Lovell, Ichiro Misumi, Jenny P.-Y. Ting, Stephanie Montgomery, John Cullen, Jason K. Whitmire, Stanley M. Lemon
The noncoding genome affects gene regulation and disease, yet we lack tools for rapid identification and manipulation of noncoding elements. We developed a CRISPR screen using ~18,000 single guide RNAs targeting >700 kilobases surrounding the genes NF1, NF2, and CUL3, which are involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma. We find that noncoding locations that modulate drug resistance also harbor predictive hallmarks of noncoding function. With a subset of regions at the CUL3 locus, we demonstrate that engineered mutations alter transcription factor occupancy and long-range and local epigenetic environments, implicating these sites in gene regulation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Through our expansion of the potential of pooled CRISPR screens, we provide tools for genomic discovery and for elucidating biologically relevant mechanisms of gene regulation.
Authors: Neville E. Sanjana, Jason Wright, Kaijie Zheng, Ophir Shalem, Pierre Fontanillas, Julia Joung, Christine Cheng, Aviv Regev, Feng Zhang
Cyclin A2 activates the cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk1 and Cdk2 and is expressed at elevated levels from S phase until early mitosis. We found that mutant mice that cannot elevate cyclin A2 are chromosomally unstable and tumor-prone. Underlying the chromosomal instability is a failure to up-regulate the meiotic recombination 11 (Mre11) nuclease in S phase, which leads to impaired resolution of stalled replication forks, insufficient repair of double-stranded DNA breaks, and improper segregation of sister chromosomes. Unexpectedly, cyclin A2 controlled Mre11 abundance through a C-terminal RNA binding domain that selectively and directly binds Mre11 transcripts to mediate polysome loading and translation. These data reveal cyclin A2 as a mechanistically diverse regulator of DNA replication combining multifaceted kinase-dependent functions with a kinase-independent, RNA binding–dependent role that ensures adequate repair of common replication errors.
Authors: Arun Kanakkanthara, Karthik B. Jeganathan, Jazeel F. Limzerwala, Darren J. Baker, Masakazu Hamada, Hyun-Ja Nam, Willemijn H. van Deursen, Naomi Hamada, Ryan M. Naylor, Nicole A. Becker, Brian A. Davies, Janine H. van Ree, Georges Mer, Virginia S. Shapiro, L. James Maher, David J. Katzmann, Jan M. van Deursen
Animals adapt their growth rate and body size to available nutrients by a general modulation of insulin–insulin-like growth factor signaling. In Drosophila, dietary amino acids promote the release in the hemolymph of brain insulin-like peptides (Dilps), which in turn activate systemic organ growth. Dilp secretion by insulin-producing cells involves a relay through unknown cytokines produced by fat cells. Here, we identify Methuselah (Mth) as a secretin-incretin receptor subfamily member required in the insulin-producing cells for proper nutrient coupling. We further show, using genetic and ex vivo organ culture experiments, that the Mth ligand Stunted (Sun) is a circulating insulinotropic peptide produced by fat cells. Therefore, Sun and Mth define a new cross-organ circuitry that modulates physiological insulin levels in response to nutrients.
Authors: Renald Delanoue, Eleonora Meschi, Neha Agrawal, Alessandra Mauri, Yonit Tsatskis, Helen McNeill, Pierre Léopold
A major obstacle to a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb)–based HIV vaccine is the activation of appropriate B cell precursors. Germline-targeting immunogens must be capable of priming rare bnAb precursors in the physiological setting. We tested the ability of the VRC01-class bnAb germline-targeting immunogen eOD-GT8 60mer (60-subunit self-assembling nanoparticle) to activate appropriate precursors in mice transgenic for human immunoglobulin (Ig) loci. Despite an average frequency of, at most, about one VRC01-class precursor per mouse, we found that at least 29% of singly immunized mice produced a VRC01-class memory response, suggesting that priming generally succeeded when at least one precursor was present. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using germline targeting to prime specific and exceedingly rare bnAb-precursor B cells within a humanlike repertoire.
Authors: Devin Sok, Bryan Briney, Joseph G. Jardine, Daniel W. Kulp, Sergey Menis, Matthias Pauthner, Andrew Wood, E-Chiang Lee, Khoa M. Le, Meaghan Jones, Alejandra Ramos, Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy, Yumiko Adachi, Michael Kubitz, Skye MacPherson, Allan Bradley, Glenn A. Friedrich, William R. Schief, Dennis R. Burton
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
There have been serious efforts over the past 40 years to use newspaper articles to create global-scale databases of events occurring in every corner of the world, to help understand and shape responses to global problems. Although most have been limited by the technology of the time (1) [see supplementary materials (SM)], two recent groundbreaking projects to provide global, real-time “event data” that take advantage of automated coding from news media have gained widespread recognition: International Crisis Early Warning System (ICEWS), maintained by Lockheed Martin, and Global Data on Events Language and Tone (GDELT), developed and maintained by Kalev Leetaru at Georgetown University (2, 3). The scale of these programs is unprecedented, and their promise has been reflected in the attention they have received from scholars, media, and governments. However, they suffer from major issues with respect to reliability and validity. Opportunities exist to use new methods and to develop an infrastructure that will yield robust and reliable “big data” to study global events—from conflict to ecological change (3).
Authors: Wei Wang, Ryan Kennedy, David Lazer, Naren Ramakrishnan
"I am hungry for change—for developments in hierarchy theory from the younger generation," writes Niles Eldredge in the opening pages of Evolutionary Theory. The edited volume provides a contemporary selection of historical, conceptual, and empirical essays on the hierarchy theory of evolution that Eldredge and his collaborators hope will bring about renewed enthusiasm for the theory in evolutionary biology circles.
Author: Bengt Autzen
Authors: Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley, Anne Hilborn, Katherine C. Crocker, Asia Murphy
Authors: Gilbert Proulx, Roger A. Powell
Author: Beverly A. Purnell
Author: Kristen L. Mueller
Author: Kristen L. Mueller
Author: Paula A. Kiberstis
Author: Beverly A. Purnell
An accurate viscosity structure is critical to truthfully modeling lithosphere dynamics. Here, we report an attempt to infer the effective lithospheric viscosity from a high-resolution magnetotelluric (MT) survey across the western United States. The high sensitivity of MT fields to the presence of electrically conductive fluids makes it a promising proxy for determining mechanical strength variations throughout the lithosphere. We demonstrate how a viscosity structure, approximated from electrical resistivity, results in a geodynamic model that successfully predicts short-wavelength surface topography, lithospheric deformation, and mantle upwelling beneath recent volcanism. We further show that this viscosity is physically consistent with and better constrained than that derived from laboratory-based rheology. We conclude that MT imaging provides a practical observational constraint for quantifying the dynamic evolution of the continental lithosphere.
Authors: Lijun Liu, Derrick Hasterok
The diverse group of fishes called teleosts, or ray-finned fish, today has 30,000 species, more than all living mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians combined. For more than a decade, many researchers have assumed that teleosts' dizzying array of body types evolved because their immediate ancestor somehow duplicated its entire genome, leaving whole sets of genes free to take on other functions. Now, an examination of the fish fossil record challenges that view. Despite a genome duplication about 160 million years ago, teleost fish hewed to a few conventional body types for their first 150 million years. Meanwhile the holostean fishes, a related group with genomes that never underwent a doubling, evolved a stunning diversity of body plans. This work and studies of flowering plants, which are also quite diverse, is forcing a rethink about just how genome duplications influence evolution.
Author: Elizabeth Pennisi
Many police departments, both in the United States and abroad, have adopted or are interested in predictive policing, an approach that seeks to predict where and when crime is likely to occur or identifies people most at risk of becoming a perpetrator or a victim. Supporters say predictive policing—which uses large data sets and algorithms borrowed from fields as diverse as seismology and epidemiology—can help bring down crime rates while also reducing bias in policing. But civil liberties groups and racial justice organizations argue that the algorithms perpetuate racial prejudice and they worry about privacy issues. To what degree predictive policing actually prevents crime, meanwhile, is still up for debate.
Author: Mara Hvistendahl
The tropics have by far the highest species diversity on Earth. Over two-thirds of terrestrial vertebrates occur in tropical moist forests (1). The species diversity is also highest in the tropics for several other taxa, such as vascular plants and arthropods, and in other realms, including freshwater and marine ecosystems. These latitudinal gradients were described decades ago (2), but recent work has yielded detailed knowledge of species-richness patterns. For example, Hurlbert and Jetz suggest that global maps of terrestrial vertebrate species richness are now accurate at resolutions of 100 to 200 km (3). Yet, little is known about the global patterns of genetic diversity. On page 1532 of this issue, Miraldo et al. help to fill this gap by presenting a global map of intraspecific (within-species) genetic diversity of amphibians and terrestrial mammals (4).
Author: Henrique M. Pereira
It is a curious feature of studies of recognition memory that the experimental subjects are almost always tested alone. They may be asked to scan a set of landscape pictures and later recognize having seen them before or to study a set of words or faces. For a social species such as ourselves—and mammals in general—being tested alone is a curious state of affairs. Social memory, social comparisons, and reciprocity have been a major driving force in brain evolution (1), and the effect of social interactions on memory deserves more attention. This experimental lacuna is now being put right, not only in social and evolutionary psychology and in work on “joint attention” by infants and their mothers, but also in animal studies that seek to identify the areas of the brain and the mechanisms mediating recognition of a familiar conspecific. On page 1536 of this issue, Okuyama et al. supplement behavioral analysis with an arsenal of modern viral vector–based, optogenetic, and imaging techniques to examine social memory (2). They identify the ventral hippocampus in the brain as critical for storing a social memory, or engram, with connectivity to the nucleus accumbens as key to the expression of such a memory (see the figure).
Authors: Kapil Saxena, Richard G. M. Morris
In neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, specific proteins misfold into β sheet–rich conformations that aggregate. For Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, the hallmark pathology is neuronal inclusions of aggregated α-synuclein called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. The spreading of these lesions in the brain is at least partly the result of prionlike self-propagation and cell-to-cell transfer of pathogenic α-synuclein assemblies (1). Inoculation of brain extracts containing aggregated α-synuclein and also synthetic α-synuclein fibrils into mice and nonhuman primates induces aggregation at the injection site, followed by the formation of lesions in neuronally connected brain regions, and ultimately neurodegeneration (2, 3). The appearance of α-synuclein lesions in fetal brain grafts in Parkinson's disease suggests that cell-to-cell spreading of lesions also occurs in humans. There is also in vitro evidence for cell-to-cell transfer of α-synuclein assemblies (2). However, the mechanism of intercellular transmission of α-synuclein aggregates—as well as of other pathogenic protein assemblies, such as those consisting of Aβ and tau in Alzheimer's disease—is poorly understood (1). On page 1513 of this issue, Mao et al. (4) report that the cell-surface lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3/CD233) is a neuronal receptor mediating the endocytosis of aggregated α-synuclein, enabling the spread and toxicity of α-synuclein assemblies.
Authors: Mathias Jucker, Mathias Heikenwalder
In his book, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Charles Darwin noted that “Even insects express anger, terror, jealousy, and love by their stridulation.” Almost 150 years later, spurred by an interest in the evolutionary roots of emotional (affective) processes and their underlying mechanisms, there has been a sudden upsurge of research into the question of whether insects and other invertebrates may indeed have emotion-like states (1–4). Recent work has focused on negative affect, but on page 1529 of this issue, Perry et al. (5) broaden the scope to consider positive emotions. The authors report decision-making behavior in bumblebees that is analogous to optimism in humans and may reflect positive affect in both humans and other species (6–8). Moreover, the behavior appears to depend on the activity of dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in the processing of reward in humans.
Authors: Michael T. Mendl, Elizabeth S. Paul
Tumors comprise functionally diverse subpopulations of cells with distinct proliferative potential. Here, we show that dynamic epigenetic states defined by the linker histone H1.0 determine which cells within a tumor can sustain the long-term cancer growth. Numerous cancer types exhibit high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of H1.0, with H1.0 levels correlating with tumor differentiation status, patient survival, and, at the single-cell level, cancer stem cell markers. Silencing of H1.0 promotes maintenance of self-renewing cells by inducing derepression of megabase-sized gene domains harboring downstream effectors of oncogenic pathways. Self-renewing epigenetic states are not stable, and reexpression of H1.0 in subsets of tumor cells establishes transcriptional programs that restrict cancer cells’ long-term proliferative potential and drive their differentiation. Our results uncover epigenetic determinants of tumor-maintaining cells.
Authors: Cristina Morales Torres, Alva Biran, Matthew J. Burney, Harshil Patel, Tristan Henser-Brownhill, Ayelet-Hashahar Shapira Cohen, Yilong Li, Rotem Ben-Hamo, Emma Nye, Bradley Spencer-Dene, Probir Chakravarty, Sol Efroni, Nik Matthews, Tom Misteli, Eran Meshorer, Paola Scaffidi
Layer-by-layer deposition of materials to manufacture parts—better known as three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing—has been flourishing as a fabrication process in the past several years and now can create complex geometries for use as models, assembly fixtures, and production molds. Increasing interest has focused on the use of this technology for direct manufacturing of production parts; however, it remains generally limited to single-material fabrication, which can limit the end-use functionality of the fabricated structures. The next generation of 3D printing will entail not only the integration of dissimilar materials but the embedding of active components in order to deliver functionality that was not possible previously. Examples could include arbitrarily shaped electronics with integrated microfluidic thermal management and intelligent prostheses custom-fit to the anatomy of a specific patient. We review the state of the art in multiprocess (or hybrid) 3D printing, in which complementary processes, both novel and traditional, are combined to advance the future of manufacturing.
Authors: Eric MacDonald, Ryan Wicker
Four years ago, under Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Canada rewrote the nation's rules for assessing the environmental impacts of projects such as mines, dams, and pipelines. The 2012 rewrite of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA) cut the number of mandatory reviews from thousands to a handful, reduced input from independent experts and the public, and shifted some oversight from national to provincial governments. Harper said the changes were needed to modernize the rules and spur economic growth. But many of the nation's environmental scientists were dismayed, saying the changes snubbed science and put key ecosystems at risk. Now, under new Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, researchers are getting a chance to help rewrite the rules again. This month, an expert panel appointed by Trudeau's government launched a 3-month-long, nationwide listening tour to collect ideas for revising the CEAA. Its goal is to issue recommendations on how Trudeau can fulfill his promises to "restore confidence" in Canada's environmental reviews and "ensure that decisions on major projects are based on science, facts, and evidence." The effort—part of Trudeau's broader push to revamp Canada's environmental policies—is likely to fuel fierce debate.
Author: Lesley Evans Ogden
The Greek government is trying to stop the nationwide brain drain stemming from global financial crisis. This week, the parliament was expected to take up legislation to create the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), modeled after the German Research Foundation and the U.S. National Science Foundation, and funded mostly with a loan from the European Investment Bank. Over the next 3 years, HFRI will distribute about €225 million in peer-reviewed grants. HFRI will regularly schedule calls for proposals—a longstanding wish of Greek scientists. The science ministry plans to spend €18 million of the funds immediately on graduate and postdoctoral research projects. Although many Greek researchers welcome the new foundation, they say that much more funding is required to revitalize science in their country.
Author: Erik Stokstad
Emerging evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be due to cell-to-cell transmission of misfolded preformed fibrils (PFF) of α-synuclein (α-syn). The mechanism by which α-syn PFF spreads from neuron to neuron is not known. Here, we show that LAG3 (lymphocyte-activation gene 3) binds α-syn PFF with high affinity (dissociation constant = 77 nanomolar), whereas the α-syn monomer exhibited minimal binding. α-Syn-biotin PFF binding to LAG3 initiated α-syn PFF endocytosis, transmission, and toxicity. Lack of LAG3 substantially delayed α-syn PFF–induced loss of dopamine neurons, as well as biochemical and behavioral deficits in vivo. The identification of LAG3 as a receptor that binds α-syn PFF provides a target for developing therapeutics designed to slow the progression of PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
Authors: Xiaobo Mao, Michael Tianhao Ou, Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder, Tae-In Kam, Xiling Yin, Yulan Xiong, Preston Ge, George Essien Umanah, Saurav Brahmachari, Joo-Ho Shin, Ho Chul Kang, Jianmin Zhang, Jinchong Xu, Rong Chen, Hyejin Park, Shaida A. Andrabi, Sung Ung Kang, Rafaella Araújo Gonçalves, Yu Liang, Shu Zhang, Chen Qi, Sharon Lam, James A. Keiler, Joel Tyson, Donghoon Kim, Nikhil Panicker, Seung Pil Yun, Creg J. Workman, Dario A. A. Vignali, Valina L. Dawson, Han Seok Ko, Ted M. Dawson
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
[Errata] Erratum for the Technical Comment “Comment on ‘Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex’” by A. L. Barth, A. Burkhalter, E. M. Callaway, B. W. Connors, B. Cauli, J. DeFelipe, D. Feldmeyer, T.
